DNA database: crime fighting wheapon or threat to privacy?

Q.1 What are the benefits of DNA database?

A.1 By using DNA database, we can identify the criminal by observing his/her genes. By using advanced technology, we can discover the identity of criminal by matching DNA from blood,hair,salvia or other bodily fluid which we got from the crime 

Q.2 – What Problems do DNA databases pose?

A.2  Despite all their benefits, DNA databases remain Controversial. Privacy advocates and defense lawyers believe genetic databases pose risks to the innocent if they contain data on people who are not convicted criminals. In some instance, DNA has been collected from witness or others to eliminate them from police inquiries. DNA has been collected from families of suspects should continue to be pursued. 

Q.3 - Who should be including in a national DNA databases? Should it be limited to convicted felons?      Explain your Answer.

Ans. The Bush administration and some state legislator have advocated expanding the FBI DNA databases to include juveniles or people who have been accused of crimes but not convicted.  

Q.4 – Who should be able to use DNA databases?

A.4  Most people aren’t violent criminals, including those who commit misdemeanors, and their inclusion in a national DNA databases exposes them to risks they would not otherwise face. People who collect and analyze DNA can make mistakes. There may be valid reasons for an innocent person’s DNA to be at a crime scene that police might choose to disregard. Innocent people may be caught up in a criminal investigation when their DNA from a single hair or spot of saliva on a drinking glass appeas in a public or private place where they had every right to be.

Q.5 How does CODIS work? How is it designed?

A.5 CODIS generates investigative leads in cases where biological evidence is recovered from the crime scene. Matches made among profiles in the Forensic Index can link crime scenes together; possibly identifying serial offenders. Based upon a match, police from multiple jurisdictions can coordinate their respective investigations and share the leads they developed independently. Matches made between the Forensic and Offender Indexes provide investigators with the identity of a suspect perpetrator(s). Since names and other personally identifiable information are not stored at NDIS, qualified DNA analysts in the laboratories sharing matching profiles contact each other to confirm the candidate match.

NDIS is the highest level in CODIS hierarchy, and enables the laborateries participating in the program to exchange and compare DNA profiles on the national level.

Q.6 What information does CODIS maintain?

A.6 CODIS contains the profiles of convicted offender, contains arrestees persons profile, DNA profiles collected from crime scenes, missing persons profile, contains DNA profiles developed from unidentified human remains, contains DNA profiles voluntarily contributed from relatives of missing person.

Q.7 Who is allowed to use CODIS?

A.7 A total of 175 crime labs in all 50 states and Puerto Rico ... as well as the FBI Lab and the U.S. Army Crime Lab. And, in a sign of how effective the system is, 31 labs in 18 nations worldwide also use CODIS, but they are not connected to any DNA databases here in the U.S. They simply borrow the FBI's technology to help investigations in their own countries, much as we do here.

Q.8 How does CODIS aid criminal investigation?

A.8 CODIS generates investigative leads in cases where biological evidence is recovered from the crime scene. Matches made among profiles in the Forensic Index can link crime scenes together, possibly identifying serial offenders. Based upon a match, police from multiple jurisdictions can coordinate their respective investigations and share the leads they developed independently. Matches made between the Forensic and Offender Indexes provide investigators with the identity of a suspected perpetrator(s). Since names and other personally identifiable information are not stored at NDIS, qualified DNA analysts in the laboratories sharing matching profiles contact each other to confirm the candidate match.

imporant of MISManagement information system is an integrated set of component or entities that interact to achieve a particulars function, objective

• Management information system is an integrated set of component or entities that interact to achieve a particulars function, objective or goal. Therefore it is a computer based system that provides information for decisions making on planning, organizing and controlling the operation of the sub-system of the firm and provides a synergistic organization in the process.
• The component of an information system includes. a hardware which is used for input/output process and storage of data, software used to process data and also to instruct the hand-ware component, data bases which is the location in the system where all the organization data will be automated and procedures which is a set of documents that explain the structure of that management information system.
• There are various driving factors of management information system for example:-

Technological revolutions in all sectors make modern managers to need to have access to large amount of selective information for the complex tasks and decisions.

• The lifespan of most product has continued getting shorter and shorter and therefore the challenge to the manager is to design product that will take a longer shelf life and in order to do this, the manager must be able to keep abreast of the factors that influences the organization product and services thus, management information system come in hardy in supporting the process.
• There are huge amount of information available to today’s manager and this had therefore meant that managers are increasingly relying on management information system to access the exploding information. Management information services helps manager to access relevant, accurate, up-to-date information which is the more sure way of making accurate decisions. It also helps in automation and incorporation of research and management science techniques into the overall management information system for example probability theory.
• The management information services are capable of taking advantage of the computational ability of the company like processing, storage capacity among others.
• Based on this relevancy, management information system should be installed and upgraded in various organizations since today’s managers need them to access information for managerial decision making and also management functions.

Imporant of Grammar in any anguage

• "It is necessary to know grammar, and it is better to write grammatically than not, but it is well to remember that grammar is common speech formulated. Usage is the only test".
• Grammar is important because it is the language that makes it possible for us to talk about language.
• Grammar names the types of words and word groups that make up sentences not only in English but in any language. As human beings, we can put sentences together even as children--
• we can all do grammar. But to be able to talk about how sentences are built, about the types of words and word groups that make up sentences--that is knowing about grammar. And knowing about grammar offers a window into the human mind and into our amazingly complex mental capacity.People associate grammar with errors and correctness. But knowing about grammar also helps us understand what makes sentences and paragraphs clear and interesting and precise.
• Grammar can be part of literature discussions, when we and our students closely read the sentences in poetry and stories. And knowing about grammar means finding out that all languages and all dialects follow grammatical patterns.
  Imagine that: a document prepared by a committee (NCTE's Assembly for the Teaching of English Grammar) that doesn't sound like a committee. The voice, in fact, belongs to Brock Haussamen, professor of English at Raritan Valley Community College of New Jersey. And whether or not you teach English for a living, the full report,
• "Some Questions and Answers About Grammar," is well worth reading.
  Also worthwhile is the Assembly's website, simply outfitted with grammar links, teaching tips, and a grammar bibliography. In short, it's a place where people know that grammar matters--and how, and why.

Information System Help KIA Solve Its Quality Problems

Q.1 why was it so difficult for to identify sources of defects in the cars it produced?

Ans. Kia Has to Creat Some System To about Report of any defects , Accident ,Or Injuries Involving its Vehical to the U.S national Highway Traffic Safety Administration. And From that kia got every information about defects of its vehical. But it is so difficult to get informaton in this way.

Q:2 What was the business impact of Kia not having an information system to track defects? What other business processes besides manufacturing and production were affected?

Ans. The business impact of Kia not having an information system to track defects are Part sales are the first indicator of a defect , Warranty claims the second ,and consumer Complains the third. and for this defect other business like parts is Increase its sales.

Q:3 How did Kia's new defect reporting system improve the way it ran its business?

Ans. Kia created a software "engine" that examine six kia systems for warranty claims, Parts sales, vehical identification number master storage file, and vehical inventories and store the essential information in a singal common data repository. And use this information Kia tracking consumer comlaints recived by Phone, E-mail, or Postal mail. And from this information Kia improve its vehical quality.

Q:4 What management, organization, and technoloty issues did Kia have to address when it adopted its new quality control system?

Ans. Once the data have been stored in a singal space Kia can use crystel analysis software to analyze them highliting events , such as spikes in warranty claims related to a particular vehical model, unusale increases in parts order, or high number of accidents. Manager are able to analyze the data by daily, weekly, or monthly reporting periods and by specific car models, model year, and components. and from that management control new quality.

Q:5 What new business processes were enabled by Kia's new quality control system?

Ans. Information from this system is helping Kia pinpoint the sources of defects and determine what percentage of its vehicles is likely to have problems. The company can then improve its production processes before the problems become more wiedespread, thus lowering costs for warranty repairs. This information also helps Kia determine themost cost - effective stategy for dealing with its quality problems.

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VIRTUAL MANAGEMENT AT ACCNTURE

OUESTION & ANSWER

Q.1 What are the advantages of working in a enviornment like the one created by accenture? What are the disadvantage?

ANS:- Advantages of working in a virtual environment is useful to business organisations as it helps them in following ways:

1) virtual environment helps develop and improve the performance of the organisations

2) operating virtually helps them to gather and share information easily even when they are far from each other.

3) virtual environment helps make decisions quickly and reliable.

4) easy access to global conferences.

5) helps in reducing overhead expenses.

Disadvantages

1) face to face interaction is not possible.

2) may require heavy cost of, to maintain information system.

3) if system fails then working of the organisation also fails which leads to many inconveniences.

Q. 2 Would you like to work in a company like Accenture?Why or why not?Explain your answer.

Ans. Working in a company like Accenture would certainly add a good experience. Doing this virtually will not only help me to save time but also provide me with knowledge in a continous basis. Working like in this company will benefit me in terms of compensation, higher salary packages and last but not the least the global exposure
Q.3 What kinds of companies could benefit from being run virtually like Accenture? Could all companies be run virtually like Accenture?

Ans. Companies whose major part of their working depends upon outsourcing, who has workforce diversity and companies who provide their customers value based quality services with shared knowledge through internet would be benefited.No, all companies can't be run virtually like Accenture as this is not an easy thing to do. It requires a good co-odination between the employees heavy installation cost of information system etc. which might be difficult for many organization to implement with.

Q।4 According to Accenture, how does information technology help create high-performance organization?

Ans।:-ccenture research indicates that high-performance businesses view IT as a strategic asset—a source of both operational excellence and competitive advantage। Our Strategic IT Effectiveness (SITE) experts help top management adopt that mindset and achieve greater business value from IT। We have a clear perspective: IT is not merely a cost but a critical contributor to the business, focused on improving business value and performance। Our professionals are experienced with bold, value-creating approaches to IT, bringing boardroom-relevant criteria to IT investments and helping high-performance businesses to "think bigger" about IT's ability to improve operating results।

“Leaders are born, not made.”

“Leadership is management’s job.”
“All bosses are leaders.”
“Leadership? That means having to pick up the
slack that results from everyone else’s mistakes.”
“I don’t need to be a leader. I’m not in charge.”
“Leaders are born, not made.”

• ever heard these? Or perhaps even said them yourself ?
  You’re not alone. It seems like everyone has something to say
  about leadership – even if what they’re saying is based on misunderstandingand misconception.
• Sometimes we accept ideas as facts and let them rule our hearts
  and our behaviors without taking the time to really think about
  them. And so when we hear people saying this or that about
  leadership, we may be tempted to just accept it as the truth. And
  that’s unfortunate, because leadership is something we all need
  more of in our lives … in our workplaces, our families, our communities,
  and our country.
• So what is leadership? Leadership is the behavior we exert when
  we take responsibility for our actions and their consequences. It’s
  the voice within us that calls out and says, “Take charge!” It’s the
  challenge we face when we assume responsibility for guiding
  others. Leadership is often the difference between success and
  failure. It’s what separates the doers from the observers. And it’s
  what gives direction to individuals and organizations.
  Without leadership, we are lost.
• Despite the old adage, the truth is that leaders are made, not born.
  Leadership is developed by learning and refining a set of skills –
  skills that anyone, including you and me, can learn and develop.

Another truism is that leadership is not just
management’s job, it’s everyone’s
responsibility regardless of birth, education,
income, or position

• You may be asking, “Why me? Why do I need to be a leader?”
  Because deep down inside, we all want to make a positive
  difference in our lives in ways that make our world a better place.
  After all …
  What’s more important than helping others do a good job at work and getting enjoyment from it?
• What’s more important than teaching others about the
  business so they (and you) will be more successful?
• What’s more important than following through on your
  commitments to the people with whom you work?
• What’s more important than setting a good example for
  others to follow including your coworkers, your friends,
  and your children?
• What makes a good leader? Ask a hundred different people, and
  you’ll probably get a hundred different answers. But one thing’s
  for sure, almost all of the attributes commonly cited for an
  effective leader have one central theme:
  
  working with others.
  
  L isten and earn from others
  E nergize the organization
  A ct for the benefit of everyone
  D evelop themselves and others
  E mpower others to lead
  R ecognize achievement.

imporant of time managment in life

Time is something that you can never take back. What’s done is done. Nothing in history can be changed. The most we can do about anything that has already been done is to take counter measures to prevent the damage from spreading. However, there is one more effective way to stop the damage and that is to prevent it.You must have heard it said that “Prevention is better than cure.”This quote is most often used in terms of illness; however, this can also be done for future mistakes. Time management is a form of prevention.Why is time management so important? Time is the most important commodity. Time never comes back. It never rewinds like videotape.You can get more money but you cannot get more time!Here are the most common reasons why time is so important:1. Time cannot be stored Everyone no matter how rich or poor spends time the same way, it doesn't speed up for the rich and slow down for the poor. Time management is equal to wise usage of time. This may be the difference between fame and failure.2. Time is rare Yes, everybody has the same number of hours, but haven't you noticed that people are complaining that they don't have enough of it? There is just “so little time and so much to do” that people go out of focus. Time management means giving importance to priorities and nearer deadlines and these give you enough for the crucial activities in life.3. Time is needed for everything Everything takes time; everything needs time to materialize. With time management, each task is given enough time to be finished. By giving a sliver of time for each of your goals and accounting for it wisely, you will be able to achieve them, plus make time for rest. Truth is, even little time produces work. If distributed wisely throughout the day or week, you would be surprised to how much you can accomplish.4. Time management helps you finish more jobs with less effort By allotting a certain amount of time for each activity, you don’t have to worry about the next thing that you will do. With time management, you become more organized and the things you do become more habitual than panic-driven. By making it a habit, you become more productive. As Aristotle said, “We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. ”In modern times, each product, place, or gadget has minute differences that make it very hard for you to choose. There are so many opportunities to choose from as to what to do with your time. By having a plan, you will be able to make intelligent choices. By becoming more conscious of the available time and the choices you've made so far, you focus more on your priorities rather than useless work.Time management is indeed a gem. Once it becomes a habit, it will be more beneficial than time-consuming.