DNA database: crime fighting wheapon or threat to privacy?

Q.1 What are the benefits of DNA database?

A.1 By using DNA database, we can identify the criminal by observing his/her genes. By using advanced technology, we can discover the identity of criminal by matching DNA from blood,hair,salvia or other bodily fluid which we got from the crime 

Q.2 – What Problems do DNA databases pose?

A.2  Despite all their benefits, DNA databases remain Controversial. Privacy advocates and defense lawyers believe genetic databases pose risks to the innocent if they contain data on people who are not convicted criminals. In some instance, DNA has been collected from witness or others to eliminate them from police inquiries. DNA has been collected from families of suspects should continue to be pursued. 

Q.3 - Who should be including in a national DNA databases? Should it be limited to convicted felons?      Explain your Answer.

Ans. The Bush administration and some state legislator have advocated expanding the FBI DNA databases to include juveniles or people who have been accused of crimes but not convicted.  

Q.4 – Who should be able to use DNA databases?

A.4  Most people aren’t violent criminals, including those who commit misdemeanors, and their inclusion in a national DNA databases exposes them to risks they would not otherwise face. People who collect and analyze DNA can make mistakes. There may be valid reasons for an innocent person’s DNA to be at a crime scene that police might choose to disregard. Innocent people may be caught up in a criminal investigation when their DNA from a single hair or spot of saliva on a drinking glass appeas in a public or private place where they had every right to be.

Q.5 How does CODIS work? How is it designed?

A.5 CODIS generates investigative leads in cases where biological evidence is recovered from the crime scene. Matches made among profiles in the Forensic Index can link crime scenes together; possibly identifying serial offenders. Based upon a match, police from multiple jurisdictions can coordinate their respective investigations and share the leads they developed independently. Matches made between the Forensic and Offender Indexes provide investigators with the identity of a suspect perpetrator(s). Since names and other personally identifiable information are not stored at NDIS, qualified DNA analysts in the laboratories sharing matching profiles contact each other to confirm the candidate match.

NDIS is the highest level in CODIS hierarchy, and enables the laborateries participating in the program to exchange and compare DNA profiles on the national level.

Q.6 What information does CODIS maintain?

A.6 CODIS contains the profiles of convicted offender, contains arrestees persons profile, DNA profiles collected from crime scenes, missing persons profile, contains DNA profiles developed from unidentified human remains, contains DNA profiles voluntarily contributed from relatives of missing person.

Q.7 Who is allowed to use CODIS?

A.7 A total of 175 crime labs in all 50 states and Puerto Rico ... as well as the FBI Lab and the U.S. Army Crime Lab. And, in a sign of how effective the system is, 31 labs in 18 nations worldwide also use CODIS, but they are not connected to any DNA databases here in the U.S. They simply borrow the FBI's technology to help investigations in their own countries, much as we do here.

Q.8 How does CODIS aid criminal investigation?

A.8 CODIS generates investigative leads in cases where biological evidence is recovered from the crime scene. Matches made among profiles in the Forensic Index can link crime scenes together, possibly identifying serial offenders. Based upon a match, police from multiple jurisdictions can coordinate their respective investigations and share the leads they developed independently. Matches made between the Forensic and Offender Indexes provide investigators with the identity of a suspected perpetrator(s). Since names and other personally identifiable information are not stored at NDIS, qualified DNA analysts in the laboratories sharing matching profiles contact each other to confirm the candidate match.

imporant of MISManagement information system is an integrated set of component or entities that interact to achieve a particulars function, objective

• Management information system is an integrated set of component or entities that interact to achieve a particulars function, objective or goal. Therefore it is a computer based system that provides information for decisions making on planning, organizing and controlling the operation of the sub-system of the firm and provides a synergistic organization in the process.
• The component of an information system includes. a hardware which is used for input/output process and storage of data, software used to process data and also to instruct the hand-ware component, data bases which is the location in the system where all the organization data will be automated and procedures which is a set of documents that explain the structure of that management information system.
• There are various driving factors of management information system for example:-

Technological revolutions in all sectors make modern managers to need to have access to large amount of selective information for the complex tasks and decisions.

• The lifespan of most product has continued getting shorter and shorter and therefore the challenge to the manager is to design product that will take a longer shelf life and in order to do this, the manager must be able to keep abreast of the factors that influences the organization product and services thus, management information system come in hardy in supporting the process.
• There are huge amount of information available to today’s manager and this had therefore meant that managers are increasingly relying on management information system to access the exploding information. Management information services helps manager to access relevant, accurate, up-to-date information which is the more sure way of making accurate decisions. It also helps in automation and incorporation of research and management science techniques into the overall management information system for example probability theory.
• The management information services are capable of taking advantage of the computational ability of the company like processing, storage capacity among others.
• Based on this relevancy, management information system should be installed and upgraded in various organizations since today’s managers need them to access information for managerial decision making and also management functions.